Justice And Its Impact On Public Safety - 792 Words

Justice plays an important part in society as it provides an atmosphere of honesty, fairness and credibility. The concept of justice is a living, breathing aspect that is affected by the ever-changing world. Every citizen has a responsibility towards achieving justice through behavior and accountability. On the state and federal level, the cost of justice is measured through its effectiveness in reform and the impact on public safety. The 2013 budget for the Department of Justice (DOJ) was $27.1 billion, with $8.6 billion earmarked for federal prisons and detention. â€Å"The number of inmates under the Bureau of Prisons’ (BOP’s) jurisdiction has increased from approximately 25,000 in FY1980 to over 219,000 in FY2013.† (James, 2014) The numbers speak for themselves; the prison population is growing rapidly and with it the cost of maintaining, housing and rehabilitation prisoners. Therefore the cost of justice in the federal prison system is one that is that touch es both the prisoner and the taxpayer. The cost of justice will continue to grow as more and more offenses, such as drug-related offenses, are deemed federal crimes with mandatory minimum sentences. â€Å"The [Bureau of Prisons] has identified the abolition of parole for federal inmates as one cause of the growing federal prison population.†(James, 2014) With parole not being an option, the price to pay for a federal conviction is high in terms of life, family and community. Therefore, federal prisons have become warehousesShow MoreRelatedIntroduction. Toronto, Including The Greater Toronto Area,1316 Words   |  6 Pagesreflects a simple change in number over time and that change can cause an alteration of societal values, striving to change the criminal justice system. Youth probation officers have a role in the criminal justice system to supervise young offenders to ensure a compliance with court orders and are on good behaviour for an arranged period of time (Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Service, 2016). Youth probation officers work in their assigned community to regulate and maintain the order of juvenileRead MoreThe Miranda Warning And The Gun Inadmissible Evidence For The Court Of New York1104 Words   |  5 Pagesdecisions was incorrect due to the fact that the officers were acting with the Public Safety Exception which allows for the omission of the Miranda warning prior to questioning a suspect when public safety is jeopardized, (Albanese, 2013). The court believed that in order for the police to protect themselves and the public they needed to obtain the firearm to avoid further crime. In delivering the opinion of the court Justice Rehnquist believed that if Quarles had been read his Miranda Rights prior toRead MorePublic Schools Have Improved Their Safety Protocols1299 Words   |  6 Pagesand have had a few incidents in the past 10 years, we are slowly evolving and becoming better each year. Because of the Columbine massacre, we have learned many things and are still learning to become better each year nationwide. Public schools have improved their safety protocols vigorously by heightening security, creating Zero-Tolerance Policies and Bullying and Violence Prevention Programs. Schools have also allowed cell phones on campus and there is more Mental Health Counseling. The ColumbineRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Has Served As A Focal Point Of Much Of Societal Racism993 Words   |  4 Pageswhite† (Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)). These studies propose that while criminal behavior cuts across race and class lines, the common response to these behaviors may significantly influence the course of a potential criminal career. Decisions concerning the most effective balance of responses by law enforcement, social services, and community intervention are critical in determining many of these outcomes. Bias within the criminal justice Historically, the criminal justice system has servedRead MoreSocial Justice And The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1148 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Social justice is a long debated subject that continues to prove controversial and divisive all over the world. Opinions on what constitutes social justice vary on a continuum from more conservative opinions which note individual responsibility to a more liberal stance which promotes a moral responsibility to support social equality (Mapp, 2008). Despite the varying opinions of what establishes social justice, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) serves as the first stepRead MoreMetal Detectors Should Not Be Scanned, Treated Like A Criminal?954 Words   |  4 Pagesdetectors reduces the risk of entering school with weapons. However, according to the U.S. Department of Justice, metal detectors are usually not effective when used on purses, backpacks, briefcases, or suitcases. There is usually a large number of different objects or materials located in or as part of the composition of these carried items that would cause an alarm. {National Institute of Justice Research Report: Chapter 3-Metal Detection: Walk-Through Metal Detectors for Personnel-Do metal detectorsRead MoreThe Key Drivers Of Growth Behind Our Prison Population939 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of prison is to protect the community and rehabilitate the offender (Smart Justice, 2015). Research has indicated that prison fails to do this and instead can increase the rate of reoffending (Smart Justice, 2015). Prison does not address the causes of the person’s criminal offending. Imprisonment is designed to be a sentence of last resort, yet we are building more prisons at an ever increasing rate (Smart Justice, 2015). In Victoria, annually, the prison system cost more than $1 billion (GlassRead MoreThe Effect Of Justice Expenditure On The Crime Rate Since 19921392 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of Justice Expenditure on the Crime Rate Since 1992 1. Introduction The crime rate is the result of problems in public safety. As one of the most important public good, safety has generates positive externalities that helps urban development. However, due to the fact tighter police protection budgets yield the local law enforcement to maintain or improve the efficiency of policing with fewer hands and resources. Will an increase in justice expenses bring us a safer local environmentRead MoreImpact of the Usa Patriot Act on Local Law Enforcement1282 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of the USA Patriot Act on Local Law Enforcement Teddilane Turner PSF8200 Advanced Research in Public Safety Issues, Theory, and Concepts This paper presents the topic selected for the final Public Safety Case Analysis Project, an overview of the USA Patriot Act, its impact on local law enforcement, and the potential for net widening. Congress reacted to the violation to our country on September 11, 2001 by passing the USA Patriot Act into law on October 26, 2001. (USA PatriotRead MoreIncarceration Of Youth And Its Effects On Reducing Crime Essay1750 Words   |  7 PagesIncarceration of Youth The United States leads the world in the incarceration of young people, there are over 100,000 youth placed in jail each year. Locking up youth has shown very little positive impact on reducing crime. Incarcerating youth have posed greater problems such as expenses, limited education, lack of employment, and effect on juveniles’ mental and physical well-being. In today’s society there has been an increase in the crimes committed by juveniles. Most juveniles have underlining

Similarities Between Hinduism And Christianity - 1852 Words

Hinduism and Christianity are two religions with different virtues and teachings. Various things differ among these two religions. For example, in Hinduism there is an aspect of enlightenment whereas in Christianity there is baptism. Each of the two religions emphasize that the followers must stick to the teachings. The followers are taught the ways of the religion and believe that the teachings that they receive are the best. Each of the two religions emphasizes that the way they look at things is the best. Various comparisons are made for various religions by various people. The comparisons are meant to identify some of the differences that are there in virtues and the similarities as well. This paper seeks to look at the†¦show more content†¦Contingent upon the Karma individuals will need to experience the outcomes. What s more, if one does not have a decent profound lead and administrations for the duration of existence, his spirit won t be freed. The individual will must be conceived once more. This idea of being renewed as an interesting one and is solely connected with Hinduism. What s more, it is from this that the idea of edification comes in. Enlightenment is the procedure through which one ENLIGHTENMENT VESRUS BAPTISM 3 can accomplish freedom of the spirit. Albeit numerous individuals consider that favors from the edified individuals, or those, who have achieved their profound freedom is helpful; the truth of the matter is something else. â€Å"Endowments are constantly advantageous for each spirit, yet minor gifts with no catching up of the profound way for the duration of the life can help you to accomplish illumination† (The Hindu Forum, 2015). The best way to procure edification is by going the way of the most profound sense of being. To elucidate what this way of the most profound sense of being is, one needs to dive deep down into the expressions of Bhagavad Gita. This is the blessed content of the Hindus in which the idea of insight has been altogether examined. That is the reason; the way to a deep sense of being can likewise be discovered and achieved through the readings and teachings of Bhagavad Gita (Webb, 2013). Hinduism asserts that the

The Risk of Mangement

Question: What is the Risk of Management ? Answer : Introduction Risk management is the process of ensuring that an organization is not exposed to potential threats that might lead to decreased profits or dissolution. On the other hand, cooperate social responsibility is an obligation that an organization takes upon itself not because it is entitled to but because it has the interest of the community at heart. The modern business world has evolved in a way that corporate social responsibility has become a norm to many organizations. However, what is more, astonishing is that corporate social responsibility is not only a good will from organizations communities but also a strategy of minimizing risks. An organization that makes cooperate social responsibility its norm prevents itself from potential risks that can be caused by the community. An organization that is determined to thrive in the modern competitive business world ought to have strategies that guide it towards managing the potential risks that might come its way. In many instances, a clo se relationship has been identified between cooperate social responsibility and risk management. Therefore, it is advisable for any given organization to be cooperate social responsibility conscious so as to be able to deal with any potential risk effectively. Risk Management In the recent past, risk management has been diversified through social responsibility and corporate governance. Shareholders in the new corporate world are obliged to gaining when managers who perform leadership in their organizations of investment offer governance to their investments through corporate social responsibility. Shareholders also do gain when a firm distributes its resources through participation in social activities and initiatives (Paul, Craig and Jared 2008). This is a clear sign that there exist a mutual relationship between corporate social responsibility and risk management. This paper highlights some of the relationships that are there between the three but before that lets first get a touch on each of them The concept of CSR. Corporate social responsibility, commonly abbreviated as CSR, is considered a responsibility for the purpose of creating an impact in the society which dwells on maximizing the positive impact and minimizing the negative impact (Wisser 2010, p. 56). Different approaches have been laid in place on CSR, but the most conspicuous one is the one that defines CSR as an approach to which businesses get to appreciate the existence of the environment and civil considerations in their actions for influence on the society. About this concept, corporate social responsibility activities are intentional and depend on the will of the company (Wisser 2007, p. 45). Corporate social responsibility is not only connected to businesses but also perceived by other organizations which are non-business such as governments and much more. Concept of Risk Management and Corporate Governance Risk management plays a big role as an aspect of corporate governance especially in the business world. Corporate governance in the business terms can be described as a combination of rules and guides by which the stakeholders in business are assured of gaining from their investments. Corporate governance has a great impact on the risk management of an enterprise (Maciej 2015, p. 32). Risk management is currently no longer a separate exercise as it used to be back then; it has evolved to becoming part of the planning process in a business entity. Anyone in an organization who has the responsibility of achieving an objective also has a responsibility of managing the risk associated with the objective (Kythle and Ruggie 2005, p. 45) Management of risks is an integral part and parcel of good business practices. It has been carried out on an ongoing and informal basis by many organizations in the previous past, but due to the new business trends, things have changed. Risk management has developed as a professional and technical subject in some key areas, namely finance, health, and safety, clinical and environmental. Organizations are on the high verge of facing a variety of risks including financial risk, operational risk, reputation risk, regulatory and information risk which need to be solved by inclining them with corporate governance. CSR and Risk Management Finding connections between corporate social responsibility and risk management is a hard task because most of the times without a deeper analysis these two concepts are remote and do not have much prevalent wise (Kartazias 2011, p. 32). As discussed earlier, corporate social responsibility has one main goal which is to increase positive influence which in one way or another can be perceived as a means and an appropriate approach to risk management. This concept is neither a centralized nor a unified approach, and depends significantly on the risk under consideration. On the other hand, corporate social responsibility should be managed using convenient and applicable instruments. (Husted 2005, p. 174). Corporate social responsibility is made up of many factors which may influence a business activity; this may include; economic basis such as managing value of business, environmental basis such as availability of resources. Legal basis such as the presence of rules, regulations cultural bases such as organizational behavior, system values and personal capacity such as how individuals approach organizational matters (Bebbington 2008, p. 15). Firms with ardent corporate social responsibility engage themselves in managerial practices like shareholder management and assessment of the environment (Husted 2005, 178). Corporate social responsibility ventures provide a way of reducing the negative business risks and thus are regarded as essential elements in the management of risk of an organization or cooperation. Risk Management and Corporate Governance Both concepts are mainly related to the common fact that they both focus on achieving objectives. Risk management is also a tool for creating control of the environment. It, in turn, provides assurance to managers that the objectives of organizations are to be achieved within a residual risk thus making risk management the key component of corporate governance. In short risk management presents resilience which is caused by the gluing together of the organization towards achieving the organizational objectives by corporate governance (Paul, Graig, and Jared 2008, p. 32). Risk management develops risk treatment plans similar to the strategies and controls associated with each objective. There is an increasing concern in the current business world that corporate governance has a growing effective influence on the risk management approach taken by an enterprise. Several large financial Institutions worldwide which were booming and blossoming back then are not in existence, and have been overwhelmed by other newer institutions. This is precisely as a result of the fact that most of them neglected the fundamental rules of risk management and monitoring or control by not incorporating corporate governance in their risk management processes (Karatzias 2011, p.2). Managing risk has become an important element of consideration for executives and companies, especially those with a profit making motive. Corporate Governance and CSR A traditional view of the two suggested that there was a contradiction between corporate social responsibility as well as Corporate Governance. Corporate Governance is associated with the maximization of profit and the distinct protection of shareholders. Stakeholders provide capital to the organization, while corporate social responsibility approach is against maximization of profit since it considers set of actions beneficial only to the external stakeholders that may not be good for a shareholder. But with the changing trends in the business patterns of the new day corporate world, Corporate Governance is now being incorporated in firms, and CSR is gradually getting incorporated into the companys corporate governance practices. This relationship of CSR and corporate governance enables Corporate Governance to be dictated by ethical considerations as well as the need to foster accountability. This also ensures that current business practices are run through corporate governance prin ciples. In the modern business environment, both Corporate Governance approaches and corporate social responsibility concepts are more focused on moral and ethical practices in an organization and the general mandate of an organization toward the environment in which it operates from (Quora. 2016, p. 14). Corporate governance most of the times, creates a platform for striking a balance between the interests of the stakeholders in a company including managers and workers. External stakeholders, especially customers, suppliers, the government and the society at large are also considered. This makes it somehow inclined with corporate social responsibility which on the other hand is a kind of business approach which contributes to the sustainability of development in a business entity by delivering of economic and environmental benefits for all stakeholders involved. Conclusion Corporate social responsibility is perceived as an aspect of improving the organizational image, and it is also actively used in the management of risk. It is not an easy task putting together corporate social responsibility and the process of risk management, but in the modern business world, CSR is becoming part of the strategy of organization usually realized through the management of risk. It is only a matter of a few months before Corporate Social Responsibility popularizes as a process of risk management. Corporate governance approaches need to specifically safeguard against explicit risk-taking in companies and other business entities. Risk management systems in the corporate world can fail in many ways due to poor corporate governance procedures. Further research is needed towards getting a clear conjoining factor between corporate social responsibility, corporate governance and risk management. References Bebbington. J, 2008. Corporate social reporting and reputation risk management, accounting, and auditing and accountability journal vol2, pp. 3. GARP, 2012. Corporate governance and risk management. Available at: www.garp.org/media/991488/theroleofriskgovernanceineffectivemanagement_tunji_adesida_071312.pdf (accessed 3rd March 2017) Husted. B, 2015. Risk management: real options and corporate social responsibility, Journal of business ethics vol 60, pp. 175-183. Karatzias. V, 2011. The relationship between corporate governance and risk management during the credit crisis. The case of financial institutions. Pg. 145-156. Available at: mibes.teilar.gr/proceedings/2011/oral/12.pdf. (Accessed on March 13, 2017) Kythle. B and Ruggie. J, 2005. Corporate social responsibility as risk management, John F Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Maciej. W, 2015. CSR risk management. Available at: www.wsb.edu.pl/FORUMSCIENTIAE/forum20154/forum-4-2015-art2.pdf (accessed 13/03/2017) Paul, G. Jared, H. and Graig, M. (2008). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value: an empirical test of the risk management. Available at: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doil10.1002/smj.750/abstract. (Accessed on March 13th, 2017) Quora, 2016.What is the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate governance? Available at: https://www.quora.com/what-is-the-relationship-between-corporate-social-responsibility-and-corporate-govenance (accessed on March 3rd, 2017) Wisser. W, 2007. The A to Z of corporate responsibility. London; Willey. Wisser. W, 2010. CSR a swiecie odrozenie media planet kompedium CSR- Niezalezny dodalek tematycny dystrybuowany z Dziennikiem gazeta prawna, NO 40.

The Right To Choose Essays - United States Law, Judicial Activism

The Right to Choose Should there be a constitutional amendment banning abortion? In society today an agreement exists that when life becomes human life, that the human being must be protected. Many religions, organizations and individuals have passionately held conflicting beliefs about when human life begins. Is a fetus a human life at conception? Or is a child a human life at birth? Today, this question goes hand in hand with that question of abortion.There is so much controversy over this delicate issue that congress has been debating over it for nearly thirty years. This comes down to yet another heated question. Should there be a constitutional amendment banning abortion? It is nearly impossible to find someone who doesn't have an opinion about abortion and probably a strong opinion at that. Debates on this topic usually go nowhere, leaving the opponents even more committed to their positions than before. Last month marked the twenty-sixth anniversary of the Supreme Court decision of Roe vs. Wade. Prior to the case filed by Jane roe, the state of Texas made it a crime to perform a crime unless a child's life was at stake. Jane Roe was an unmarried woman who wanted to safely and legally end her pregnancy end her pregnancy. The Supreme Court ruled that: (1) A woman and her doctor may freely decide to terminate a pregnancy during the first trimester. (2) State governments can restrict abortion access after the first trimester with laws intended to protect the woman's health. (3) Abortions after fetal viability must be available if the women's health or life is at risk; state governments can prohibit other abortions. The reason the Roe vs. Wade case was so important was because it has come to be known as the case that legalized abortion nationwide. At the time of the Roe vs. Wade decision, nearly two-thirds of the states outlawed abortion except to save a woman's life. Before abortion was made legal to the majority of the states, many women lost their lives due to illegal abortion. In 1965 seventeen percent of all deaths due to pregnancy and childbirth were due to illegal abortion. The film If These Walls Could Talk portrays injuries such as this in the time period. In fact, by the time Roe restored the right to abortion, from 200,000 to1.2 million illegal abortions were performed annually and hundreds of women died every year to end unwanted pregnancies. The reason this issue is so hard to come to a conclusion is that people arguing for each side of pro-choice and pro-life are arguing for separate issues in the topic. The pro-abortionist focuses on the woman's rights, and the anti abortionist focuses on the fetus' rights. This is part of the reason people become so confused and easily angry when discussing or debating the topic of abortion. Peaceful demonstrations have often become violent on account of emotions wrapped up in the topic. I personally find it hard to be completely one sided in an issue such as this. Having studied this topic before, I have looked at most aspects of both sides of the issue, and agree with many arguments of both sides. Although it is not realized, comparing both sides' views contain many agreements. Most would agree that the life of a child is a precious thing that deserves the full protection of the law. Even more would agree that it's a woman's exclusive right to make decisions concerning her body. The one conflict that keeps the two sides from getting along is when the fetus becomes a child. When it becomes down to which side I am for, I would say I am pro-choice and stick to their views. I believe the right should always be there for a woman to choose whether or not to have her child. Personally, I am not sure there could ever be an amendment regarding abortion on account of so many different views on the situation. I tried to find statistics on how the people sided, but in such a delicate issue, no poll could be accurate enough to be considered. A 1980 poll asked a similar poll in two different ways: ?Do you think there should be an amendment to the constitution prohibiting abortions, or shouldn't